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SECONDARY BATTERY.

No. 403,593. Patented May 21, 1,889.

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SECONDARY BATTERY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 403,593,'dated May 21, 1889.

Application filed September 27, 1888. Serial No. 286,522. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, AUGUSTUS JAMIESON, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Elizabeth, in the county of Union and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric Batteries, of which the following is a specification.

My present invention relates to a chemical electrical generator or battery especially adapted for use in electric lighting, and for similar purposes requiring large currents.

The object of the invention is to obtain convenience of manipulation, efficiency of generation, and simplicity of construction.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure l shows a plan view of the apparatus. Fig. 2 shows a side elevation when the electrodes are in an elevated position. Fig. 3 shows an end vie'w in elevation while the electrodes are in theirnormal position. Fig. 4 is a front view, in elevation, of one of the plates. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal sect-ion of Fig. 4, and Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of Fig. 4.

The device consists of the combination of a containing-vessel, a, divided into three compartments, l), c, and (l, adapted to hold liquids,- partitions e, dividing the middle compartment into smaller compartments or cells, slotted upright electrode-supports f, pivoted at their lower ends at g, the slotted portions being indicated by the letter 7L, a bearing, i, located at the upper end of each of said supports and carrying shafts j, which are provided with cranks l upon one end, a pair of electrodes, m and u, located in each of said cells, and terminals or handles o for each electrode, and connected upon an insulatingrod, p, whose ends are located in the slots 7L, and are also suspended from the shafts in such a manner that when the shafts are rotated all the positive electrodes will be elevated by the one shaft and all the negative electrodes will be elevated by the other shaft. The said rods are suspended by ropes or chains or similar ligatures, Q. The compartment is partially iilled with a suitable reducing agent, such as sulphide of soda. The cells are partially filled with sulphuric acid, and the compartment CZ contains an oxidizing agent, such as hypochlorite of soda.

The electrodes m and yn are both constructed as shown in Figs. 4,5, and 6. They each consist of a lead box filled with granulated or pulverized lead, o', over the surface of which is a layer of lead cooled from fusion, and represented by the letter s. The bottom of the box is perforated with holes t.

When the plates or electrodes are allowed to hang in the sulphuric acid for a few seconds, the surfaces of the perforated plate and of the particles of lead become covered with a very thin film of plumbic sulphate. By rotating the cranks all the positive and negative plates or electrodes are elevated. As the supports fare pivoted at the points g, they may be rotated through an angle, so that the one set of electrodes may be allowed to hang in the reducing agent and the other set in the oxidizing agent. The result is that the sulphate on the former set becomes reduced to a very thin iihn of lead sulphide, while the latter set will be found to contain a clinging coating of plumbic peroxide. If, now, the cranks are rotated so as to remove the electrodes from the compartments h and d and placed in the cells, and conductors be so placed as to connect the positive and negative electrodes in pairs, a current may be made to operate the translating devices n, placed in the circuit w, which passes from one pole of the battery to the other.

During the generation of the current the lead sulphide becomes converted into sulphate of lead, and so, also, does the plumbic peroxide, not absolutely entirely, but practically all. The plates 'may again be charged by a similar operation and the same steps repeated indeiinitely, the reducing and oxidizing agents being occasionally removed.

The sulphate of lead when placed in the oxidizing agent is converted into the peroxide of lead. As to all the chemical changes of the various elements I am not positively sure, but experiment shows that the two abovenamed chemicals when placed together-c'. c., sulphate of lead and hypochlorite of soda-re sult in the peroxide of lead. Neither would I be positive about the other reactions named. All I am sure of is the fact in each case. I und, also, that when sulphate of lead is placed in sulphide of soda the sulphate becomes reduced to sulphide of lead. I know, also, that when the battery is run down the electrodes IOC ` by immersion in an oxidizing agent-such as hypochlorite of soda-replacing the electrodes in pairs in the sulpluric acid to form a battery, and connecting them up in an electric circuit. y

2. The method of charging secondary batteries, which consists in converting the plumbic sulphate on one set of electrodes into plumbic peroxide by treatment With an oxidizing agent-such as hypochlorite of sodafand in converting the sulphate of lead on the other set of electrodes into sulphide of lead by treatment with a reducing agent, such as sulphide of sodium.

3. rlhe method of Y forming plumbic peroxide upon a surface of lead, which consists in rst converting some of the lead into the vplumbic sulphate, and then converting the sulphate into plumbic peroxide by treatment with hypochlorite of soda.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my name, in presence of two Witnesses, this 28th'day of July, 1888. Y

AUGUSTUS JAMIESON. Vitnesses: l f

JOHN A. STAATs, EDWARD P. THOMPSON. 

